Saturday, January 25, 2020
Essay --
From my professional experience I have worked with different managers and supervisors. Most of who are academically sound and well experienced in the medical field. It is important for me to be able to differentiate between managing and leading, because these are two distinct ways of organizing people. Leadership is basically setting a new vision/ direction for the organization or group that they follow. On the other hand, management controls and direct people, resources in the organization according to the values, ethics and principles that has been established by that organization. From our previous readings I concluded that people make choices to naturally and willingly follow a leader for various reasons e.g. their charisma, personality and management style, whereas a manager gives directives and are obeyed due to the authority and power given to them. For these reasons, people more often become loyal towards leaders than managers. The leader I have chosen to talk about is the Director of Pediatric Department and I would consider her to be an effective leader and a manger. I hav...
Friday, January 17, 2020
Libyan Tourism and Rescuing Strategy Essay
Early in 2011, a wave of political protests against Libyaââ¬â¢s leader Muammar Gaddafi took a violent turn, leading to the outbreak of a civil war between Gaddafi-controlled forces and rebel forces. As the conflict stretched on, Libyaââ¬â¢s nascent travel and tourism industry came to standstill. A no-fly zone was imposed over Libya and external forces participated in the conflict; airport runways at Benghazi Airport were destroyed, Tripoliââ¬â¢s port was targeted by NATO forces, and there was significant damage to the countryââ¬â¢s infrastructure, the extent of which is yet to be revealed. This brought more than five years of consecutive growth to a halt, as Libya started to emerge from its isolation after the lifting of UN and US sanctions in 2003. The future remains unclear, with the possible opening up of Libya to yet more growth in a post-Gaddafi era. The future is uncertain, and Libyaââ¬â¢s travel and tourism industry is expected to suffer losses for at least another two years, even if the conflict comes to an end by the end of 2011. There is a great deal of reconstruction needed, and efforts will be geared towards getting the country back on its feetbefore engaging in more tourism developments. That said, the longer-term prospect may end up proving more encouraging if any reminiscence and residue of the Gaddafi regime is forever scrapped, and a new government aims to truly improve the lives of Libyans and the image of Libya abroad, in an effort to boost the economy, and, ultimately, the travel and tourism industry need urgent recovery strategy however, Libyaââ¬â¢s political and economic weaknesses resulted in uprising and Political instability in the whole country starting from 2011. Consequently the destination image of Libya which is a vital component of the decision making of a potential tourist was significantly damaged. In addition the reports on newspapers and other mass media, have frightened potential tourists and significantly weakened the tourism industry during and after the Libyan civil war. after almost two years Libyan authorities have perfected their official efforts to rescue the country from the consequences of the conflict but the main problem is the broken trust in Libya as safe and comfortable area to be visited. The non organized coordination between the government departments created more obstacles with the absence of smart policies and modern strategic planning of using the public media and the multimedia. Literature View Tourismà isà travelà forà recreationalorà businessà purposestheà WorldTourismOrganizationà definesà touristsà as people ââ¬Å"travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity, In 2011, there were over 983 million international tourist arrivals worldwide, representing a growth of 4. 6% when compared to US$ 940 billion in 2010. International tourism receipts (the travel item of the balance of payments) grew toà US$1. 3à trillion (â⠬740 billion) in 2011, corresponding to an increase inà real termsà of 3. 8% from 2010. In 2011, internationalà travel demandà continued to recover from the losses resulting from theà late-2000s recession, where tourism suffered a strong slowdown from the second half of 2008 through the end of 2009. After a 5% increase in the first half of 2008, growth in international tourist arrivals moved into negative territory in the second half of 2008, and ended up only 2% for the year, compared to a 7% increase in 2007. 4]à The negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries due to the outbreak of theà H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide decline of 4. 2% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists arrivals, and a 5. 7% decline in international tourism receipts. Tourism is important, and in some cases, vital for manyà countries. It was recognized in theà Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980as ââ¬Å"an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations. Tourism brings in large amounts of income in payment forà goods and services available, accounting for 30% of the worldââ¬â¢sà exportsà of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. It also creates opportunities forà employmentà in theà service sector of the economy, associated with tourism, these service industries include transportation services, such asà airlines,à cruise ships, andà taxicabs;à hospitality services, such asà accommodations includingà hotelsà and resorts; and entertainment venues, such asà amusement parks,à casinos,à shopping malls,à music venues, andà theatres. Libya, with its recent embrace of tourism, is not alone among developing nations. Since the early 1970s, an increasing number of developing nations have listed tourism into their economic plans . It was in the 1970s that international tourism became a global phenomenon. Improvements in international transportation like the jumbo jets, which entered service in 1970, improvements in communication networks and a growing affluence among Western nations made the world both accessible and affordable. growing list of nations have tried to provide western travellers with convenience. THE IMPORTANCE OF IMAGE 1 Media Impact Introduction It has been estimated that a remarkable 25% of all news stories involve disasters or crises of some sort, disasters attract the media in very large numbers, and itââ¬â¢s not hard to see why disasters are spectacular, action-orientated, dramatic events which routinely feature human suffering and feats of durance and bravery. From a media perspective they are relatively easy to cover, provide ample opportunity for dramatic photographs, and are guaranteed to attract an audience or sell newspapers, disaster and crisis events inevitably prove an irresistible combination for the media, and for the general public who will be avid consumers of what the media produces. News will normally be reported as soon as it becomes available, and this is the case regardless of how inadequate the initial information is, or how uncertain the source. The advances in modern technology mean that news stories and pictures can be transmitted around the world within minutes even if the media isnââ¬â¢t present in the initial stage of a disaster or crisis, members of the public will be, with mobile telephones and video cameras in hand, and their pictures will be accessed by the media and transmitted. Passengers in the London Underground rail system following the bombings in July 2005, were transmitting pictures to the media from their wrecked carriages and as they evacuated through tunnels to safety. Media personnel usually have little understanding of the fact that in the confused aftermath of a disaster, information may be difficult or impossible to obtain. This can make them suspect that authorities are hiding information from them when the truth is that it just isnââ¬â¢t availableJournalists are usually generalists, not specialists this means that they are unlikely to have any depth of understanding of a disaster or crisis event, the cause, effects or the necessary response and recovery processes. They can, therefore, easily misunderstand what they see and hear in the case of a tourism crisis, it is essential that local tourism operators only comment to the media on matters which are within the scope of their responsibilities and that they do not comment on operational matters which are the responsibility of emergency services or disaster management agencies. The Media and Human Development In Libya the civil war has destroyed the truth in the region as touristic destination and that added more presser on the tourism industry which already was suffering of the ignorance of the previous regime, not all is about the media affect also there are many other factors control the declining of the performance, the main element in the tourism business
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Courtesy in Sir Gawain and the Greenknight Essay - 609 Words
Courtesy in Sir Gawain and the Greenknight In modern society, Martha Stewart and Miss Manners are authorities in the social amenities of community gatherings, and they promote their ideas in television programs and books. But in the Middle Ages, elegant behavior is illustrated in the Middle English poem, ââ¬Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,â⬠in a detailed account of a holiday celebration at King Arthurââ¬â¢s castle. In this text, the idea of courtesy is shown as the foremost attribute of a knight, and King Arthur is introduced as the ââ¬Å"most courteous of allâ⬠(26) rulers. In a mealtime setting, the lives and customs of ââ¬Å"[t]he most noble knights known under Christâ⬠(51) are displayed, and courteous behavior is established as the hallmarkâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In fact, food is so abundant ââ¬Å"[t]hat scarce was there space to set beforeâ⬠(123) diners. The sumptuous fare and opulent surroundings distinguish this event from an everyday dinner and reinforce the idea that courte sy requires specific utensils, table coverings, and demeanor. Formal presentation of the repast indicates a high regard for guests because it is delivered on ââ¬Å"service of silverâ⬠(124), typically associated with special occasions. Further, the narrator specifies the meal is served ââ¬Å"on clothâ⬠(125) as befits a formal occasion. Along with the decor, the superior quality of food and drink plays a prominent role in the idea of courtesy because the finest provisions are generally reserved for special occasions. The narrator describes ââ¬Å"[g]ood beer and bright wineâ⬠(129) as standard beverages for the event. Likewise, guests feasted on ââ¬Å"dainties . . . [and] dishes rareâ⬠(121) served in elegant fashion. The superb caliber of the fare reflects a conscious effort to favor guests in gracious style. The idea of courtesy is further developed in the action of the work. That King ââ¬Å"Arthur would not eat till all were servedâ⬠(85) distinguishes him as a polite host. Also, prior to the meal, guests congregate to celebrate, then ââ¬Å"washed, . . . went to their seatsâ⬠(72) and began eating. Knights are seated according to their rank while King Arthur ââ¬Å"stands in stateâ⬠(103) and surveys the gathering. Music fills the
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Analysis Of The Book I Am Number Four Essay - 797 Words
I Am Number Four Literary Analysis ââ¬Å"I am told the ground shook, that the skies were full of light and explosions,â⬠Pittacus Lore said in the book I am Number Four (6). I am Number Four by Pittacus Lore is a book about a group called the Loric and their clashes with the Mogadorians, the main character, John is a Garde which is a race of Loric that has special powers called legacies. Also the Garde are much more advanced than the humans because of their extreme strength and Intellect. Also, Henri John s Cepan, which is a guard of the Garde and are used to protect the Garde and to ensure that the Gardeââ¬â¢s legacies develop. When they move to Ohio a strange series of events happened. In I am Number Four there are many unique characteristics that make it such a good book such as its Futuristic setting, its cautious mood and it s hopeful theme. In the first place, the Setting of Future Ohio had affected the characters by affecting their communication and their love lives. Henri says ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËDonââ¬â¢t worry,ââ¬â¢ he says. ââ¬ËThey canââ¬â¢t track emails. At least not the way I send them.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Lore 192). The fact that they can have their email not be trackable shows futuristic technology and thinking this causes Henri to be able to contact the outside world. Also Henri would not have sent the email otherwise which would not have lead to Henriââ¬â¢s kidnapping and John having to tell Sam the truth. ââ¬Å" WELCOME TO PARADISE, OHIO POPULATION 5,243â⬠(Lore 18) a sign said as John was approaching Paradise, Ohio ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢mShow MoreRelatedWhat Is National Board Certification?706 Words à |à 3 Pageswhen seeking national board certification. When I first began considering National Board Certification I expected the content knowledge portion of the test to consist of Algebra, Geometry, Data Analysis, and the other common math concepts, but I did not consider the possibility of being tested in the areas of tr igonometry and calculus because these are not areas that I teach. In fact, these are areas I will have to brush up in and review because I have not looked at a Calculus or Trigonometry problemRead MoreWhat Is An Instructional Problem1538 Words à |à 7 PagesNeeds Analysis: Integer Operations Discussion of Instructional Problem In Missouri, students are to know how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide all rational numbers (including negative numbers) by the end of their seventh-grade year. In the school which I teach, many students have not mastered this skill when they enter their eighth-grade Pre-algebra course. This lack of mastery creates a difficult situation for students when learning slope, multi-step equations, and calculating sums andRead MoreThe Boehm- Waterfall Software Engineering Methodology Essay948 Words à |à 4 Pagesthose advantages. 2. What is the fewest number of stages that you can find in the SDLC and what are those stages. The fewest number of stages that I could find were the four stages. These stages are the study phase, design phase, developmental phase, and operational phase. They are seen in other early that were patterned after the Waterfall Model, with varying numbers of steps and not-markedly-different names for each stage. 3. What is the greatest number of stages that you can find in the SDLCRead MoreImpact Of Literary Events On Life1546 Words à |à 7 PagesImpact of Literary Events on Life Before I talk about how I learn literacy, I want to introduce my mother tongue Chinese, because learning Chinese characters is different from others languages. 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The poem is so famous that one of the minor characters, Capaneus the great blasphemer, has his name on a mesa on one of Jupiters moon Io (Blue, 1). Also, the poem is divided into three canticles, or sections, Inferno, Purgatorio, andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Senior Managers Of Euroland Foods821 Words à |à 4 PagesFinance Paper Stan Nelson Part I. State the Issues The issues in this case are clear. Euroland has a long history that at one time dominated the market. Unfortunately, our days as leader have vanished. We are currently trading at a price below comparable companies. This can be attributed to our reduced profitability and our failure to gain sufficient market share for new products. The market signaling for Euroland is not good. Analysts are encouraging people to sell their stocks. ClearlyRead MoreA Interview By Slowing Down The Audio1486 Words à |à 6 Pages3/13-3/19 As this week is spring break, I think it is a good time to transcribe one of my interviews. I transcribed my first 30 minute interview. To do this, I downloading a free trial of Nvivo. I transcribed the interview by slowing down the audio in Nvivo. I then typed the transcription. I had to replay the audio at least twice to get the correct transcription. After I transcribed the interview once, I went through a second time to ensure I transcribed correctly. It took approximately 1.5 hoursRead MoreMaking A Decision For A Higher Education Essay1729 Words à |à 7 PagesROI (return on investment) for an analysis. à An economic evaluation that broadly considers how to optimize the production of particular outcomes within budgetary constraints, given certain inputs, can guide such choices (Hummel-Rossi Ashdown, 2002). à However, there must be a desire to commit to a financial outlay once a decision is made. à I made a decision to attend Ashford University in January of 2014. à I a m pursuing a BA in Operational Management and Analysis with a set graduation date of January
Monday, December 23, 2019
Cyp 3.2 Essay - 3990 Words
CYP Core 3.2 Promote child and young person development. 1.1 Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. 1.3 Explain the selection of the assessment methods used Assessing children and young peoples needs has to be done sensitively and accurately. There are a number of factors to be considered. * Confidentiality and consent * Childrens wishes and feelings * Ethnic, linguistic and cultural background * Disability or specific requirements * Reliability of information * Avoiding bias * Open and closed recording methods * Mixing methods of observation, technique, ways of collection When assessing a child you must be careful to take into accountâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Observation techniques Different observation techniques help to focus the observation so appropriate data is collected and presented in meaningful ways. * Anecdotal - This is a written narrative that tells the story as it happens. Observations can be of planned activities, but spontaneous observations can show surprising things about a childs development that might never be seen. * Schedules - It is helpful to research the area of development before observing. A pre-planned development checklist helps to focus the observation, but can be limited unless individual details are recorded. * Charts and Pictograms - Charts and pictures can present observation data in colourful ways to make your portfolio appear more interesting. * Time sampling - Observations of children are recorded at fixed regular intervals of time to note what is happening at that moment. For example childrens play during a morning can be recorded every 15 minutes. * Event sampling- Observations focus on particular events to build up a patte rn of a childs behaviour over a period of days or weeks. For example to discover what provokes tantrums, or how a child reacts to leaving their carer at the start of each day in nursery. * Target child - A series of observations to give a picture of an individual childs holistic development. A baby will change rapidly during your time in placement and a longitudinal study of a childs development over several months is fascinating.Show MoreRelatedCyp Core 3.2 4.1812 Words à |à 4 Pagescomplete narrative observations on a daily basis. References 1 Penny Tassoni et al (2010) Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young Peoples Workforce Pearson Education: Oxford: Page 90 2Class Work Sheet (12.12.11) Unit 3.2 Promote child and young persons development 3.2 A5: Supporting positive behaviourRead MoreCyp 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Essay2129 Words à |à 9 PagesCYP 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Be able to assess the development needs of children and young people and prepare a development plan What are the most relevant factors to be aware of when assessing a child or young personââ¬â¢s development? All children and young people are different and have different needs. Similarly, a familyââ¬â¢s ability to respond to and meet all their needs may also differ. In some circumstances, professional assessment may be required to identify strengths andRead MoreCyp Core 3.2 ââ¬â Promote Child and Young Person Development Essay3450 Words à |à 14 PagesCYP Core 3.2 ââ¬â Promote child and young person development 1.1 Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development â⬠¢ Confidentiality and when, for the safety of the child or young person confidentiality must be breached. â⬠¢ Childrenââ¬â¢s wishes and feelings â⬠¢ Ethnic, linguistic and cultural background â⬠¢ Disability or specific requirements (Additional needs) â⬠¢ Reliability of information â⬠¢ Avoiding bias When assessing a child you must be careful to take into accountRead MoreCyp Core 3.2 Promote Child and Young Person Development Essay1256 Words à |à 6 PagesPROMOTE CHILD AND YOUNG PERSON DEVELOPMENT 1.1 When assessing you need to take account of a range of factors: 1. Confidentiality must be kept at all times. You must have the senior practitionerââ¬â¢s and/or the parentsââ¬â¢ permission before making formal observations of children. Do not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Line of reporting-only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a childRead MoreMiss865 Words à |à 4 Pagesreferenced correctly, reflect on your own practice with the children as much as possible in order to link knowledge and practice. Check spelling and grammar and ensure that professional language is used throughout. TASK ONE SHC 31 (4.1, 4.3) CYP 3.6 (3.3) CYP 3.3 (4.3, 3.3) SHC34 (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) (ERR ââ¬â 2.4, 2.1) Explain the meaning of the term ââ¬Å"confidentialityâ⬠Describe and analyse the potential tension between maintaining an individualââ¬â¢s confidentiality and disclosing concerns. (e.g. whereRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words à |à 13 Pagesqualification. Unit ref Unit no Unit title Unit type Level Credit 1 F/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young peopleââ¬â¢s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 Read MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words à |à 124 Pagesor childrenââ¬â¢s and young peopleââ¬â¢s settings CYP Core 3.1: Understand child and young person development CYP Core 3.2: Promote child and young person development 29 30 31 35 41 45 49 57 à © CACHE 2011 Version 7.0 3 CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young Peopleââ¬â¢s Workforce (QCF) CYP Core 3.3: Understand how to safeguard the well being of children and young people CYP Core 3.4: Support children and young peopleââ¬â¢s health and safety CYP Core 3.5: Develop positive relationshipsRead MoreWell Being of Children and Young People7337 Words à |à 30 PagesHELEN TANDY: REF No: DG66205 UNIT 3 /CODE CYP CORE 3.3 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN amp; YOUNG PEOPLE TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.1 The first childrenââ¬â¢s act was brought out in 1989 to make it easier for the laws which protected children and young adults. It was mad clear that all children had rights and all the children services should work together in the event of any allegations of child abuse. England amp; Wales producedRead MoreExplain how own working practice can affect children and young peoples evelopment1171 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Explain how own working practice can affect children and young peopleââ¬â¢s development (CYP 3.2 -4.1) Introduction: As a practitioner itââ¬â¢s your duty to observe and maintain correct procedures to ensure that the children are offered a stimulating environment which will further allow optimum possibilities for development. All those who work with or amongst children and young people have a crucial role to play in helping not only to shape aspects of their lives, but to also aid in enhancing theirRead MoreDuty of Care Assignment Level 3 Cache Diploma7178 Words à |à 29 Pagesdonââ¬â¢t copy his actions and hurt themselves. It is always prudent to involve a senior member of staff or specialist area staff, i.e. Senco, when approaching parents about sensitive issues involving their children CYP CORE 3.4 SUPPORT CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLEââ¬â¢S HEALTH AND SAFETY 3.2 Explain the dilemma between the rights and choices of children and young people and health and safety requirements Children are not always able to make safe choices as they may not be aware of dangers or they may
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Unit 10 Study Guide Free Essays
Lymphatic system study guide- complete after listening to lecture and reviewing the vocabulary. 1. This receives lymph from the rest of the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 10 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now The thoracic duct receives lymph from the rest of the body. 2. Small masses lf lymphatic tissue that rings the pharynx in the throat. Tonsils ring the pharynx in the throat. 3. This is literally a ââ¬Ëeating cellââ¬â¢ such as macrophages and neutrophils. Phagocytic cells are ââ¬Ëeating cellsââ¬â¢. 4. What is a substance capable of exciting our immune system and provoking an immune response? An antigen provokes an immune response in the body, but they are excited by pathogens. 5. Later immune responses which are much faster, more prolonged, and more effective are called active immunity responses. 6. This contains dead or weakened viruses injected to initiate active immunity. A vaccine is an injection with dead or weakened viruses to bolster the bodyââ¬â¢s immunity to the foreign virus. 7. T cells that remain behind after an infection to provide immunological memory are called memory cells. . A bodywide, acute, allergic response that is fairly rare is called anaphylactic shock. 9. What is it called when the body produces antibodies and sensitized T cells that attack and damage its own tissues? An autoimmune disorder is when the body in essence attacks itself. 10. Tissue grafts taken from unrelated persons are called allografts. 11. Small proteins that diffuse to nearby cells and bind to their membrane receptors are called interferons. 2. Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins or IGS and constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins and are formed in response to an antigen. 13. Excess tissue fluid that is picked up and returned to the blood stream by vessels is called lymph capillaries. 14. Complement refers to a group of 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood at an inactive site that becomes active when it becomes attached to a foreign cell. How to cite Unit 10 Study Guide, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Health and Social Care Chaplaincy for Mental Health-myassignmenthelp
Question: Discuss about theHealth and Social Care Chaplaincy for Mental Health Teams. Answer: Introduction: In the developing as well as developed countries, occupational health problem issues are the most neglected issues in the industries. In epidemiology, risk factors identification and current advancement in the technology, has contributed to the reduction of current health problems globally. However, increased job demands have increased the job related stress and health issues in the workplace. The environment of the workplace is an important contributor to the workers well-being and mental ill health problem. In the pharmaceutical industry of UK, there is great number of the sales employees as compared to the general staff that is about 5 to 20 % of total workforce (Lockwood, Marinoni Ando, 2012). The prime responsibility of the sales staff is effective promotion and marketing of the existing and new products. For such employees, the occupational health services provision represent a challenge as sales staff spend most of their working hours in isolation or driving (Lockwood, Marino ni Ando, 2012). Now the industries are identifying the importance of healthy, fit and fulfilled employees in this field and the occupational health care providers play important role in minimization of the ill-health and injuries to this work force. Due to the development of the information technology and increase in working trends, there is development of remote working that is employees job outside the organization premises (Lockwood, Marinoni Ando, 2012). The recognition of the occupational health problem related to the peripatetic staff is essential because this will support the development of the strategies and policies to address the health problems by health professionals. This essay will highlight the main occupational health problem associated with the remote working staff of the pharmaceutical industry from the business nucleus. This paper will also address the ways by which a significant and comprehensive health service can be provided to these employees. Occupational risk Risks that are associated with the sales force when there is an assessment of the occupational health problems are divided into five categories that are driving for the business of the company, stress, workplace violence, use of mobile phone and ergonomic issues. Among them, in the report will discuss the issue of the accidents caused due to driving during business hours of the (Smith, 2011). There are convincing evidence that the car drivers of the companies are at greater accidents risk than the general population. One of the researches revealed that drivers of the company were more likely to be involved in the accidents. In UK, the Union Congress trade estimated that out of 1200 about 300 drivers were killed on the roads of Britain annually during driving for the companys business and this estimation was much higher than the employee's number that were met with accidents in the employers premises. The reasons for this increase in the accidents rate are various (Hannah McNidder, 2 013). Researchers indicated that this was because of solid demands on time that finally affect the decision making process regarding the speed and overtaking of driving. The other researchers stated that increased liability for the companys car drivers extended over non-working drivers because of the driving style not due to the time pressure. The researcher concluded that this type of accidents dependents on the vehicle type and purpose of its use. The behaviour pattern that is categorized by the competitiveness, excessive impatience, hostility and pressure related to time is the reason for the accidents higher risk (Hannah McNidder, 2013). It was noticed that the time pressure is most significant risk factors for the near accidents when the other factor such as gender, age, urban driving and annual mileage were under control. The busy sales forces implication that is working in the competitive field having large geographical cover should be esteemed and there should be recognitio n of the benefits of providing education and the training of these employees for the improvement of the driving and the stress management (Hannah McNidder, 2013). Sleeping during driving was account for the considerable accidents proportion under repetitive driving conditions. It had been observed that the drivers sleepiness is due to the journey duration and for the protection of the professional legislation, there should be duration limit for the driving. The consumption of the alcohol and nocturnal snoring on the driver fatigue increases the potential for the accident by 30% (Smith, 2011). This factor reinforces the education need about the requirement of the journey plan, driving dangers while sleepy, at nights or a shift following and about the benefits of the regular breaks. In addition to above, the drivers regularly drive their vehicles even in adverse weathers that can also increase the risk of the accidents (Smith, 2011). In May 2000, transport department of the UK, healt h and safety executives and the local government established the inter-agency Work related Road safety task group (Smith, 2011). This group was established to found the main reasons, methods, and policies for the prevention of these incidences and planning of the minimum health and safety management standards. Their finding is as follows: Men are most often involved in the road accidents and most of them are severe accidents. The age group 16to20 and 21to 24, the fatality rates in the male population were more as compared to the fatality rates in female. The accidents nature is different in men and women case as men are more possible to met accidents that were related to the violation of the traffic rules. In the cases of men, they were more likely, about three times more reported cases of driving after drinking and less use of the seatbelts (Smith, 2011). Men also counted for the majority of the aggressive drivers. In the cases of women, they were mostly involved in the accidents that occurred due to judgmental errors that resulted in lesser driving confidence. The older drivers were at lesser risk than the younger drivers (Smith, 2011). The personality characteristics were related to the increased risk such as sensation-seeking and the risk taking the attitude that is often associated with the accidents. The major l ife events and the stress were associated with frequency of the increased accident. The task group revealed that the findings had employers implications (Sathiyasusuman, 2011). The task group recommended that there should be benefits awareness of the procedures and policies related to occupational road safety, recruitment, in particular, safety culture, training, stress management and stress management. In addition to above, the task group demonstrated the good practice models that are related to risk management in the road safety and showed that how both small and large organizations, with a variety of the driving vehicles and activities, can implement the significant procedures with maximum benefits. The recommendations are as follows. There should be the motivation of the employers for the introduction of the road safety policies that support the reduction in the accidents and the associated losses. These procedures should employ for addressing of the road safety that is work related which includes risk assessment, incidents reporting, drivers training, use of the mobile phones, breakdown assistance/guidance, vehicle maintenance, alternative transport means, awareness campaign and incentives programs (Quartey, Wang Kim, 2011). Policies are operative more when they are co-ordinated by the safety and health specialists in corporation with the risk/insurance management staff and fleet managers (Sathiyasusuman, 2011). There should be a commitment from the senior managers and employees inclusion when there is the development of risk assessment and procedure to accurate the data for the measurement of the improvement is the vital components of the significant system. The employers scrutiny is essential, along with road accidents regulatory reports that occurred at work under injuries reporting, Diseases and dangerous occurrence regulation 1995 (Quartey, Wang Kim, 2011).Moreover, the task group proposed that employers that have substantial drivers numbers should submit the safety case to HSE for the operating license. This duty or responsibility would parallel the need for the other hazards organizations (Pandve, 2008). Conclusion It is concluded the occupational health problem is the major issue in the developed as well as the developing countries. In the pharmaceutical industries, due to the development of technology and the job demands, the sales staff count increased very much and there are a number of the health issues that are related to the sales force. The sales staffs contribute about 5% to 20% of total staff as they work on the promotion and marketing of the new and existing product . The health issues associated with the sales staffs are driving, workplace violence, stress, ergonomic issues and use of the mobile phones. Among them, the issue related to the accident during driving for the business work is the main as it is the cause of the maximum accidents at work. These road accidents occur due to strong delivery on time, stress, alcohol consumption, risk taking and the sleepy during driving. The different organizations come together for the reduction of health problems and recommendation of the pr evention measures that are training, education, and break after driving, substantial drivers numbers and so on. These recommendations should be followed by the employers for the road accidents prevention. References Hannah, M., McNidder, R. (2013). Using IFF Kitbag to Support Staff Working in Mental Health Teams.Health And Social Care Chaplaincy,1(1), 55-60. Lockwood, C., Marinoni, G., Ando, G. (2012). PHP8 A Survey of Joint Working Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and the National Health Service in the UK.Value In Health,15(7), A290. Pandve, H. (2008). Emerging public health issues due to climate change.Indian Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine,12(3), 142. Quartey, G., Wang, J., Kim, J. (2011). A review of risk measures in pharmacoepidemiology with tips for statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry.Pharmaceutical Statistics,10(6), 548-553. Sathiyasusuman, A. (2011). Mental health services in Ethiopia: Emerging public health issue.Public Health,125(10), 714-716. Smith, D. (2011). From Occupational to Industrial: Issue 1 of theAMA Archives of Industrial Health, January 1955.Archives Of Environmental Occupational Health,66(3), 183-187.
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